1 | Andalusite | 6.5 - 7.5 | Pink to red brown, occasionally yellow, green, white, gray rarely violet | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.063 | |
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2 | Leucite | 5.5 - 6.0 | White, grey | Transparent, Translucent | Tetragonal | 0.033 | |
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3 | Chrysoberyl | 8.5 | Green shades, emerald-green, greenish white, yellowish green, greenish brown, yellow, blue | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.023 | |
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4 | Orthoclase | 6.0 | Colorless to white, Greenish white, Grayish yellow, Pale pink | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.022 | |
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5 | Kaolinite | 2.0 - 2.5 | White to cream and pale-yellow, also often stained various hues, tans and browns being common. | Translucent, Opaque | Triclinic | 0.021 | |
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6 | Almandine | 7.0 - 7.5 | Deep red, brownish red, red-violet, black | Transparent, Translucent | Isometric | 0.021 | |
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7 | Magnesite | 3.5 - 4.5 | Colourless, white, greyish-white, yellowish, brown, faintly pink, lilac-rose, colourless in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Trigonal | 0.021 | |
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8 | Howlite | 3.5 - 6.5 | White, colorless, brown | Transparent | Monoclinic | 0.015 | |
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9 | Sepiolite | 2.0 | White, light gray or light yellow. | Translucent, Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.014 | |
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10 | Sodalite | 5.5 - 6.0 | All Colours | Transparent, Translucent | Isometric | 0.014 | |
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11 | Analcime | 5.0 - 5.5 | White, colourless, gray, pink, greenish, yellowish | Transparent, Translucent | Triclinic | 0.014 | |
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12 | Opal | 5.5 - 6.5 | Colourless, white, yellow, red, orange, green, brown, black, blue | Transparent, Translucent | | 0.013 | |
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13 | Mellite | 2.0 - 2.5 | Honey to wax yellow, brown to reddish, gray, seldom white, colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Tetragonal | 0.013 | |
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14 | Anapaite | 3.5 | Green, greenish-white, milky white, colorless, colourless to light green in transmitted light. | Transparent | Triclinic | 0.012 | |
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15 | Ilmenite | 5.0 - 6.0 | Iron black or black | Opaque | Trigonal | 0.011 | |
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16 | Microcline | 6.0 - 6.5 | White, grey, greyish yellow, yellowish, tan, salmon-pink, bluish green, green. | Transparent, Translucent | Triclinic | 0.011 | |
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17 | Lizardite | 2.0 | | | | 0.01 | |
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18 | Hydroxylherderite | 5.0 - 5.5 | Colorless, gray, brown, pale yellow, greenish white, light blue, purple, colourless in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.01 | |
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19 | Montmorillonite | 1.0 - 2.0 | White, buff, yellow, green, rarely pale pink to red | Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.01 | |
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20 | Muscovite | 2.5 | White to colorless, silvery-white, and tinged various colors by impurities. | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.01 | |
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21 | Sylvanite | 1.5 - 2.0 | Grey, white, pale yellow silver-white | Opaque | Monoclinic | 0.009 | |
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22 | Topaz | 8.0 | Colourless, white, pale blue, light green, yellow, yellowish brown, or red | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.009 | |
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23 | Gadolinite-(Y) | 6.5 - 7.0 | Black, greenish-black, brown | Opaque | Monoclinic | 0.007 | |
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24 | Staurolite | 7.0 - 7.5 | Dark brown, brownish-black, red-brown | Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.007 | |
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25 | Hydroxylapatite | 5.0 | White, grey, yellow, green, violet, purple, red or brown | Transparent, Translucent, Opaque | Hexagonal | 0.007 | |
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26 | Baryte | 3.0 | Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc., colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.) | Transparent, Translucent, Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.006 | |
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27 | Phlogopite | 2.0 - 3.0 | Brown, gray, green, yellow, or reddish brown | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.006 | |
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28 | Cordierite | 7.0 - 7.5 | Grey, blue, blue-violet, greenish, yellowish brown, colourless to very light blue in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.006 | |
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29 | Chondrodite | 6.0 - 6.5 | Yellow, Red or Brown. | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.006 | |
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30 | Lollingite | 5.0 - 5.5 | Steel gray to silver white | | | 0.006 | |
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31 | Ulexite | 2.5 | Colourless, white, grey with included clays. | Transparent | Triclinic | 0.006 | |
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32 | Beryl | 7.5 - 8.0 | Colorless, green, blue, yellow, white, pink, etc. | | Hexagonal | 0.006 | |
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33 | Cobaltite | 5.5 | Reddish silver white, violet steel gray, or black. | Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.006 | |
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34 | Nickelskutterudite | 5.5 - 6.0 | Tin white - silver grey | Opaque | Isometric | 0.006 | |
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35 | Bismuth | 2.0 - 2.5 | Reddish-white to creamy-white, tarnishes iridescent pinkish, yellowish or bluish | Opaque | Trigonal | 0.005 | |
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36 | Ferberite | 4.0 - 4.5 | Black, dark brown in transmitted light | Opaque | Monoclinic | 0.005 | |
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37 | Tantalite-(Mn) | 6.0 | Pink to nearly colourless, reddish brown to black | Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.005 | |
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38 | Titanite | 5.0 - 5.5 | Colourless, brown, green, yellow, rose-red or black. | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.005 | |
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39 | Hydrocerussite | 3.5 | White or grey, colourless in transmitted light | Transparent, Translucent | Trigonal | 0.005 | |
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40 | Datolite | 5.0 - 5.5 | White, greyish, pale green, red, yellow, pink, etc. | Transparent, Translucent, Opaque | Monoclinic | 0.005 | |
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41 | Berthierite | 2.0 - 3.0 | Dark steel-grey, often with iridescent tarnish. | Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.004 | |
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42 | Ussingite | 6.0 - 7.0 | Pale to medium violet, reddish violet, sometimes barely tinted purple | Transparent, Translucent | Triclinic | 0.004 | |
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43 | Gearksutite | 2.0 | white, colourless (including in transmitted light) | | Triclinic | 0.004 | |
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44 | Monazite-(Ce) | 5.0 - 5.5 | Commonly reddish brown to brown, shades of green to brown, yellow brown, rarely nearly white, yellow, colourless in transmitted light. | Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.004 | |
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45 | Anhydrite | 3.0 - 3.5 | Colourless, bluish, blue-grey, violet, burgundy-red, white, rose-pink, brownish, reddish, grey, dark grey, colourless in transmitted light | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.004 | |
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46 | Hydromagnesite | 3.5 | Colourless to white, colourless in transmitted light | Transparent | Monoclinic | 0.004 | |
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47 | Wavellite | 3.5 - 4.0 | Green to yellowish-green and yellow, greenish white, yellowish-brown, brown, brownish-black, blue, white and colourless, colourless in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.004 | |
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48 | Nickeline | 5.0 - 5.5 | Pale copper red | Opaque | Hexagonal | 0.004 | |
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49 | Bismutite | 2.5 - 3.5 | Yellow to brown, greenish, green-grey, grey or black, colourless or tinted in shades of faint yellow, green, etc. in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.004 | |
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50 | Celestine | 3.0 - 3.5 | Colourless, shades of light blue, white, reddish, greenish, brownish, greyish, colourless or lightly tinted in transmitted light | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.004 | |
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51 | Scheelite | 4.5 - 5.0 | Tan, golden-yellow, colourless, white, greenish, dark brown, etc., colourless in transmitted light | Transparent, Opaque | Tetragonal | 0.004 | |
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52 | Xonotlite | 6.5 | White, grey, pale pink, colorless | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.004 | |
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53 | Calcite | 3.0 | White, Yellow, Red, Orange, Blue, Green, Brown, Gray etc. | Transparent, Translucent | Trigonal | 0.004 | |
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54 | Eucryptite | 6.5 | Colorless, white, pale tan, pale gray. | Transparent, Translucent | Trigonal | 0.004 | |
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55 | Sanidine | 6.0 | Colourless, white, grey, yellowish white, or reddish white | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.004 | |
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56 | Glauberite | 2.5 - 3.0 | Grey, yellowish, colourless, colourless in transmitted light | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.004 | |
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57 | Spinel | 7.5 - 8.0 | Black, blue, red, violet, green, brown, pink | Transparent, Translucent | Isometric | 0.004 | |
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58 | Trona | 2.5 | Colourless, gray-white, light yellow, colourless in transmitted light. | Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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59 | Barytocalcite | 4.0 | Colourless, white, greyish, greenish, light yellow | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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60 | Tetrahedrite | 3.5 - 4.0 | Steel- to iron-gray | Opaque | Isometric | 0.003 | |
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61 | Bindheimite | 4.0 - 4.5 | Yellow, yellow-brown, brown, white, grey, greenish, colourless to yellow and brown in transmitted light | Translucent, Opaque | Isometric | 0.003 | |
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62 | Miargyrite | 2.5 | Black with dark red internal reflections | | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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63 | Polylithionite | 2.0 - 3.0 | white, gray, violet, light green, pinkish | Transparent | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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64 | Columbite-(Mn) | 6.0 | Black to brownish black, reddish brown in transmitted light | Transparent, Translucent, Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.003 | |
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65 | Magnetite | 5.5 - 6.5 | Greyish black or iron black | Opaque | Isometric | 0.003 | |
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66 | Clinohumite | 6.0 | | | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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67 | Vesuvianite | 6.5 | Brown, yellow, brown-black, light green, emerald green, white, red, purple, violet, blue-green to blue | Transparent, Translucent | Tetragonal | 0.003 | |
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68 | Cristobalite | 6.0 - 7.0 | Colorless, white, also blue grey, brown, grey, yellow | Transparent, Translucent | Tetragonal | 0.003 | |
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69 | Crandallite | 5.0 | Yellow, white, gray, colorless in transmitted light. | Translucent, Opaque | Trigonal | 0.003 | |
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70 | Turquoise | 5.0 - 6.0 | bright blue, sky-blue, pale green, blue-green, turquoise-blue, apple-green, green-gray | Transparent, Translucent, Opaque | Triclinic | 0.003 | |
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71 | Graphite | 1.0 - 2.0 | Iron black to steel-grey | Opaque | Hexagonal | 0.003 | |
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72 | Strontianite | 3.5 | Colourless, white, gray, light yellow, green, brown, colourless in transmitted light | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.003 | |
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73 | Cryolite | 2.5 | Colourless, white, brown, grey, black, colourless in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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74 | Tellurite | 2.0 | White to yellow, bright yellow to orange-yellow, nearly colourless in transmitted light | Transparent | Orthorhombic | 0.003 | |
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75 | Carpathite | 1.5 | Yellow, yellowish brown | Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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76 | Collinsite | 3.0 - 3.5 | Light brown, light yellow-brown to colourless in transmitted light. | Translucent | Triclinic | 0.003 | |
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77 | Danburite | 7.0 - 7.5 | Pale yellow, yellowish-brown, colourless | Transparent, Translucent | Orthorhombic | 0.003 | |
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78 | Augite | 5.5 - 6.0 | Brown-green, black, green-black, brown, purplish brown | Translucent, Opaque | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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79 | Gonnardite | 4.0 - 5.0 | | | Orthorhombic | 0.003 | |
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80 | Pyrite | 6.0 - 6.5 | Pale brass-yellow | Opaque | Isometric | 0.003 | |
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81 | Fluorophlogopite | 2.0 - 3.0 | Pale yellow | | | 0.003 | |
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82 | Greenockite | 3.0 - 3.5 | Yellow to red. | Translucent | Hexagonal | 0.003 | |
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83 | Ferronigerite-2N1S | 3.5 | | | Trigonal | 0.003 | |
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84 | Roscherite | 4.5 | Brown, red, orange, greenish gray, yellowish green to brown in transmitted light | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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85 | Leadhillite | 2.5 - 3.0 | Colourless to white, grey, yellowish, pale green to blue, colourless in transmitted light. | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.003 | |
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86 | Narsarsukite | 7.0 | Yellow, yellowish-white, grayish-white, honey-yellow, tan, greenish-yellow | Transparent, Translucent | Tetragonal | 0.003 | |
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87 | Schorl | 7.0 | Bluish-black to black, sometimes brownish-black, rarely greenish-black. | Translucent, Opaque | Trigonal | 0.002 | |
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88 | Petalite | 6.5 | Colourless, white, grey, pink | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.002 | |
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89 | Stibarsen | 3.0 - 4.0 | White, reddish gray, tarnishes gray | Opaque | Trigonal | 0.002 | |
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90 | Arsenic | 3.5 | Tin-white, tarnishing to dark grey or black. | Opaque | Trigonal | 0.002 | |
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91 | Tyuyamunite | 1.5 - 2.0 | Canary yellow, lemon-yellow, greenish yellow (upon exposure to sunlight), colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light. | Translucent, Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.002 | |
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92 | Corundum | 9.0 | Colourless, blue, red, pink, yellow, grey, golden-brown | Transparent, Translucent, Opaque | Trigonal | 0.002 | |
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93 | Chabazite-Ca | 4.0 - 5.0 | Colourless, white, yellow, pink, red | Transparent, Translucent | Triclinic | 0.002 | |
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94 | Spodumene | 6.5 - 7.0 | Colourless, yellow, light green, emerald-green, pink to violet, purple, white, gray | Transparent, Translucent | Monoclinic | 0.002 | |
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95 | Montebrasite | 5.5 - 6.0 | White, colorless, gray white, very pale brown, pale pink, pale yellow | Transparent, Translucent | Triclinic | 0.002 | |
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96 | Talc | 1.0 | Colorless, white, pale green, bright emerald-green to dark green, brown, gray | Transparent, Translucent | Triclinic | 0.002 | |
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97 | Diamond | 10.0 | Colourless, yellowish to yellow, brown, black, blue, green or red, pink, champagne-tan, cognac-brown, lilac (very rare) | Transparent, Translucent, Opaque | Isometric | 0.002 | |
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98 | Grossular | 6.5 - 7.0 | Brown, orange, red, yellow, green, white, colorless | Transparent, Translucent | Isometric | 0.002 | |
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99 | Alstonite | 4.0 - 4.5 | Colourless to snow white, yellow-gray, pale gray, pale cream, pink to pale rose-red | Transparent, Translucent | Triclinic | 0.002 | |
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100 | Columbite-(Fe) | 6.0 | Black to brownish black | Opaque | Orthorhombic | 0.002 | |
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